CARCINOMA COLON SIGNET-RING CELL TYPE: A RARE CASE REPORT

Carcinoma colon ranks third among the commonest cancer in the world, while seen less common in the Asian countries however lately an increasing trend has been observed. Majorly the elderly population is at an increased risk of colon cancer however early onset of the disease has also been observed in past few years. Various histologic subtypes with different prognoses are present, but the most common histological type is Adenocarcinoma (1). Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a known rare subtype of colorectal carcinoma (< 1%) officially recognized by the WHO, mucinous types are aggressive with poor outcomes and are most commonly diagnosed around the fourth to fifth decade of life comprising only 1% of colorectal cancers. So we report a case of a 40-year-old male with adenocarcinoma colon of signet ring cell type. The patient presented with localized abdominal discomfort with only generalized weakness and fatigue which was later evaluated to be a near-obstructing right-sided colonic mass. Patient was taken up for surgery and was found to have diffuse carcinomatosis

LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA LIKE CARCINOMA OF URINARY BLADDER: A RARE CASE REPORT

Urinary bladder neoplasm is the 10 most common cancer in the world, predominantly affecting males. Nowadays incidence of urinary bladder carcinoma in female has increased. It is a uncommon type carcinoma of urinary bladder. It resembles to non-keratinizing carcinoma of nasopharynx. This study report a case of 65 years old male presented with painless gross hematuria for 3 weeks. Patient was a known case of Meckel's diverticulum. Ultrasonography and cystoscopy showed a mass on lateral wall of urinary bladder measuring 3x3 cm . A radical cystectomy of the urinary bladder tumor was done. He was diagnosed as case of lymphoepithelioma like carcinoma of urinary bladder along with benign prostate hyperplasia and Meckel's diverticulum was made with stage 2. According to the WHO classification criteria, Lymphoepithelioma like carcinoma is a subtype of undifferentiated carcinomas. Immunohistochemical stains are helpful to differentiate Lymphoepithelioma from primary lymphoma of the bladder. Differentiation of LELCB from urothelial carcinoma is important, since it has better prognosis compared to pure urothelial carcinoma. It is important to diagnose this neoplasm for therapeutic as well as prognostic purpose.

PARATHYROID ADENOMA: A RARE TUMOUR CASE REPORT

Parathyroid adenoma is a rare tumour and are generally small size (< 2 cm) and <1gm weight. Giant adenomas are infrequent, are mostly elucidated as > 3.5 gm weight, along with few reports weights up to 110 gm. Parathyroid adenoma are usually found with primary hyperparathyroidism syndrome which is common, seen as third most common endocrine disorder. In this study a case of 52-year-old lady was refereed with complain of neck swelling, lethargy and generalized drowsiness. The results obtained from laboratory revealed increased serum calcium and increased parathyroid hormone. There is no significant history of renal stone, renal dysfunction or any family history of endocrinal tumours. Ultrasonography revealed a composite nodule with cystic and solid elements. Focused surgical neck exploration was performed with removal of 4 gm adenoma . Microscopic examination showed, encapsulated lesion formed of chief cells of parathyroid organized within network of capillaries. The most exact mechanism for localizing a Parathyroid Adenoma is altogether MIBI scan along with neck ultrasonography. Surgical excision with monitoring of parathyroid hormone screening during operation is the recommended conductance. Need for the intraoperative Parathyroid hormone monitoring is debatable in Parathyroid adenoma due to accuracy of preoperative imaging.

HIGH GRADE GLIOMA IN A 2 1/2 YEAR OLD: A CASE REPORT

INTRODUCTION- Gliomas are the tumor of glial cells found in Central nervous System. High Grade Gliomas are rare in pediatric age group. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination. A 2 ½ year old male admitted with the complaint of abnormal tonic-clonic body movements along with headache, nausea, vomiting and fever. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving fronto- parietal region. Surgery was performed and specimen sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed features of high grade glioma like microvascular proliferation, necrosis and haemorrhage. Cerebral tumors are the most common childhood neoplastic tumors. Gliomas are generally classified into low grade glioma and high grade glioma. High Grade glioma is rare in pediatric age group. Most commonly they present in supra tentorial compartment. The most common cerebral cortex involved are frontal lobe followed by parietal and temporal. Clinical signs and symptoms of High grade gliomas are seizure, headache, nausea, vomiting and visual disturbances. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving left fronto- parietal region mainly. Definitive diagnosis of high grade glioma is by histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed hypercellular heterogeneous tumor lying on a fibrillary background. Areas of microvascular proliferation along with necrosis and haemorrhage are also seen. Surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and local radiotherapy are the present recommendation. High grade gliomas are rare pediatric tumor associated with poor outcome. Surgery was performed due to neurological worsening, which was unsuccessful and patient died. Diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. Poor prognosis and high morbidity even after evolution of treatment, demands further research to improve the prognosis and reduce morbidities

Influence of agro-waste amendment on soil microbial population in relation to plant growth response.

Introductions of high yielding inorganic fertilizer are not cheap and leave behind a large amount of dry matter for disposal. Thus there is a need to utilize these plant residues to save fertilizers and maintain a satisfactory level of soil fertility. Hence, with the view of in-situ manuring as well as to recycle the agricultural residue, pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of wheat husk amendments on soil microbial population and seedling vigour index (SVI) of wheat. Results of pot experiment showed the improvement in soil fungal population followed by bacterial and actinomycetal counts. Statistical significant increase in plant growth was also recorded as compared to unamended control, which indicates the practical possibility in utilizing wheat husk for improvement is soil fertility

Cephalometric evaluation of Class II malocclusions in transitional dentition.

Studying malocclusion during active growth period is important because this period has the maximum impact on dentofacial structures. The present study comprises of computerised cephalometric evaluation of 100 North Indian children in the age group of 9-12 years, with 50 children in normal occlusion group. The samples were segregated according to sex with 25 females and 25 males in each group. It was concluded from the study that changes or deviations in SNB, Saddle, Articular and Gonial angles are the potential indicative factors in the development of a class II malocclusion and that class II pattern is associated with short and posteriorly placed mandible in relation to the cranial base.

Calcium - how and why?

Calcium is among the most commonly used ions, in a multitude of biological functions, so much so that it is impossible to imagine life without calcium. In this article I have attempted to address the question as to how calcium has achieved this status with a brief mention of the history of calcium research in biology. It appears that during the origin and early evolution of life the Ca2+ ion was given a unique opportunity to be used in several biological processes because of its unusual physical and chemical properties.

Reattachment of a fractured non-vital central incisor fragment: a case report.

Reattachment of the original tooth fragment to the fractured tooth provides benefits of maintaining the tooth's shape, colour texture and translucency in the restoration. This paper describes fragment reattachment of a non-vital central incisor five months after trauma.

Antimicrobial efficacy of iodoformized zinc oxide-eugenol sealer on micro-organisms of root canal.

Iodoformized zinc oxide-eugenol was tested for its antibacterial effect against the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria obtained from the root canals of deciduous teeth; the bacteria were staph aureus, strep viridans, strep faecalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus and also mixed culture obtained from infected non-vital anterior teeth. The sensitivity was checked on BHI- agar plates employing well-method. Iodoformized zinc oxide eugenol paste was found to be effective for both the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the root canals of deciduous teeth with maximum sustaining period of 10 days; staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most susceptible, while Streptococcus faecalis the most resistant.